2.6. Image Adjustment

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Image adjustment refers to the process of modifying the visual properties of an image to enhance its overall appearance and ensure it meets specific aesthetic or technical standards. This can involve a variety of techniques, such as adjusting brightness, contrast, saturation, and color balance to improve clarity and vibrancy. 

Image adjustments can also include cropping, resizing, and straightening to improve composition and focus on the subject. By using software tools like Adobe Photoshop or Lightroom, designers and photographers can fine-tune images to achieve the desired look, correct exposure issues, and create a more impactful visual presentation. 

Overall, image adjustment is essential for producing high-quality images that effectively communicate the intended message or emotion.

2.6. Image Adjustment

2.6.1. Brightness/Contrast Adjustment

  • Definition: This adjustment allows you to modify the brightness and contrast of an image. Brightness adjusts the overall lightness or darkness, while contrast affects the difference between the light and dark areas.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast
  • Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + M (Windows) / Cmd + M (Mac) (Note: This shortcut opens the Curves dialog, but you can access Brightness/Contrast from the Adjustments panel or menu.)

2.6.2. Levels Adjustment

  • Definition: Levels adjustment allows you to control the tonal range and color balance of an image by adjusting the shadows, midtones, and highlights using a histogram.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Levels
  • Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + L (Windows) / Cmd + L (Mac)

2.6.3. Hue and Saturation

  • Definition: This adjustment modifies the hue (color), saturation (intensity of color), and lightness of an image. It can be applied to the entire image or specific color ranges.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation
  • Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + U (Windows) / Cmd + U (Mac)

2.6.4. Exposures

  • Definition: Exposure adjustment allows you to correct the exposure of an image, affecting the brightness and contrast by simulating the effects of changing the exposure settings on a camera.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Exposure
  • Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut; you can create a custom shortcut in the Keyboard Shortcuts menu.

2.6.5. Apply the Colour Balance Adjustment

  • Definition: Color Balance adjustment allows you to adjust the overall mixture of colors in an image, focusing on shadows, midtones, and highlights to achieve a desired color effect.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Color Balance
  • Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut; you can create a custom shortcut in the Keyboard Shortcuts menu.

2.6.6. High Dynamic Range Images

  • Definition: HDR imaging combines multiple exposures of the same scene to create a single image with a greater dynamic range of luminosity, capturing details in both shadows and highlights.
  • Function: File > Automate > Merge to HDR Pro (or use File > Open to open an HDR image)
  • Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut for this function.

2.6.7. Match, Replace, and Mix Colours

  • Definition: This feature allows you to match the color of one layer to another, replace specific colors, or mix colors to achieve a desired effect.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Match Color (for matching colors)
  • Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut; you can create a custom shortcut in the Keyboard Shortcuts menu.

2.6.8. Convert a Colour Image to Black and White

  • Definition: This adjustment converts a color image to grayscale, allowing for various methods of conversion, including using presets or custom adjustments.
  • Function: Image > Adjustments > Black & White
  • Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut; you can create a custom shortcut in the Keyboard Shortcuts menu.

2.6.9. Curves Adjustment

Definition: The Curves adjustment allows you to manipulate the tonal range and color balance of an image by adjusting the curve on a graph that represents the input and output levels of brightness.

Function: You can adjust the curve to brighten or darken specific tonal ranges (shadows, midtones, highlights) and enhance contrast or color balance.

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + M (Windows) / Cmd + M (Mac)

2.6.10. Photo Filter

Definition: The Photo Filter adjustment simulates the effect of placing a colored filter in front of the camera lens, allowing you to adjust the color temperature and tint of an image.

Function: You can apply a warming or cooling filter effect, or choose a custom color to enhance the overall mood of the image.

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Shift + F (Windows) / Cmd + Shift + F (Mac)

2.6.11. Blur

Definition: The Blur adjustment reduces the sharpness of an image, creating a softening effect that can be used for various artistic purposes or to reduce distractions.

Function: You can apply different types of blur effects, such as Gaussian Blur, Motion Blur, or Lens Blur, to achieve the desired softness.

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Alt + B (Windows) / Cmd + Option + B (Mac)

2.6.12. Invert

Definition: The Invert adjustment reverses the colors in an image, turning light areas dark and dark areas light, effectively creating a negative of the original image.

Function: This adjustment can be used for creative effects or to analyze the tonal range of an image.

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + I (Windows) / Cmd + I (Mac)

2.6.13. Posterize

Definition: The Posterize adjustment reduces the number of colors in an image by creating distinct color levels, resulting in a flat, graphic look.

Function: You can control the number of tonal levels in the image, which can be useful for creating stylized effects or simplifying complex images.

Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut for Posterize; it can be accessed through Image > Adjustments > Posterize.

2.6.14. Threshold

Definition: The Threshold adjustment converts an image to a high-contrast black-and-white version by setting a specific brightness level; pixels above the threshold become white, and those below become black.

Function: This adjustment is useful for creating stark, graphic images or for preparing images for printing.

Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut for Threshold; it can be accessed through Image > Adjustments > Threshold.

2.6.15. Gradient Map

Definition: The Gradient Map adjustment applies a gradient to an image based on the brightness values of the pixels, allowing for creative color effects and tonal adjustments.

Function: You can create a variety of effects by selecting different gradients or creating custom gradients to map the tonal range of the image.

Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut for Gradient Map; it can be accessed through Image > Adjustments > Gradient Map.

These definitions and functions should help you understand and utilize these image adjustment features in Adobe Photoshop effectively.

2.6.16. Variations

Definition: The Variations adjustment allows you to quickly preview and apply different color and tonal variations to an image. It provides a set of thumbnails that represent various adjustments to brightness, contrast, saturation, and color balance.

Function: You can use Variations to experiment with different looks for your image by selecting from a range of preset adjustments, making it easy to find a desired effect without manually adjusting sliders.

Keyboard Shortcut: There is no default keyboard shortcut for Variations; it can be accessed through Image > Adjustments > Variations.

2.6.17. De-saturation

Definition: De-saturation reduces the intensity of colors in an image, moving them closer to grayscale. This adjustment can be applied uniformly or selectively to achieve a muted color effect.

Function: You can use de-saturation to create a more subdued look, emphasize certain elements, or prepare an image for black-and-white conversion.

Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Shift + U (Windows) / Cmd + Shift + U (Mac)

2.6.18. Dodge or Burn Image Areas

Definition: The Dodge and Burn tools are used to lighten (dodge) or darken (burn) specific areas of an image. This technique is often used to enhance highlights and shadows, adding depth and dimension.

Function: The Dodge tool brightens areas of the image, while the Burn tool darkens them. You can control the exposure and brush size to achieve precise adjustments.

Keyboard Shortcuts:

  • Dodge Tool: O (Windows and Mac)
  • Burn Tool: O (Windows and Mac) (You can toggle between the Dodge and Burn tools by holding down the Shift key while pressing O.)

Note

For some adjustments, you may want to explore the "Adjustments" panel, which provides a non-destructive way to apply these changes using adjustment layers. This allows for greater flexibility and the ability to modify adjustments later.


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